import hashlib
import hmac

def verify_file_integrity(filepath: str, expected_hash: str) -> bool:
    sha256 = hashlib.sha256()
    with open(filepath, "rb") as f:
        for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(65536), b""):
            sha256.update(chunk)
    actual_hash = sha256.hexdigest()
    return hmac.compare_digest(actual_hash, expected_hash)

expected = "a3f2b8c9d4e5f601234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12"
is_valid = verify_file_integrity("firmware_update.bin", expected)
if not is_valid:
    raise SecurityError("File integrity check failed — possible tampering")

CIA Triad — Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

CIA Triad — Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

CIA Triad — Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability